% Sources used: % - Wiktionary: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Norwegian_Nynorsk_pronunciation % - Omniglot: https://www.omniglot.com/writing/norwegian.htm % - Kristoffersen, Gjert. The Phonology of Norwegian. Oxford University Press, USA, 2000. % (Chapter 12: Orthographic Conventions) % - Norwegian Nynorsk IPA Transcriptions: https://iecor.clld.org/languages/norwegiannynorsk % Symbol definitions (IPA) ::consonant:: = b|d|f|g|h|j|k|l|m|n|p|r|s|t|v|w|z|ʝ|ç|ʃ|ŋ|ɲ ::vowel:: = i|ɪ|y|ʏ|ʉ|ʊ|ɛ|æ|ɑ|ø|u|ɞ|o ::front_vowel:: = i|y|ɛɪ|œʏ % Open syllable lengthening (applied to IPA) i -> iː / _ #|(::consonant::)(::vowel::)|(::consonant::)# ɪ -> ɪː / _ #|(::consonant::)(::vowel::)|(::consonant::)# y -> yː / _ #|(::consonant::)(::vowel::)|(::consonant::)# ʏ -> ʏː / _ #|(::consonant::)(::vowel::)|(::consonant::)# ʉ -> ʉː / _ #|(::consonant::)(::vowel::)|(::consonant::)# ʊ -> ʊː / _ #|(::consonant::)(::vowel::)|(::consonant::)# ɛ -> ɛː / _ (::consonant::)(::vowel::)|(::consonant::)# æ -> æː / _ (::consonant::)(::vowel::)|(::consonant::)# ɑ -> ɑː / _ (::consonant::)(::vowel::)|(::consonant::)# ø -> øː / _ (::consonant::)(::vowel::)|(::consonant::)# u -> uː / _ (::consonant::)(::vowel::)|(::consonant::)# ɞ -> ɞː / _ (::consonant::)(::vowel::)|(::consonant::)# o -> oː / _ (::consonant::)(::vowel::)|(::consonant::)# % Contextual pronunciations % These are implemented here instead of in the preprocessor to avoid % conflicts with the open syllable lengthening rules. pp -> p / _ ll -> l / _ mm -> m / _ nn -> n / _ tt -> t / _ ff -> f / _ tt -> t / _ rr -> r / _ dd -> dː / _ % Excluded rules and exceptions: % - Occasional silent final "d" (e.g., blod /bluː/ vs. spyd /spyːd/) is not handled. % - Exceptions to the standard long/short vowel rule are not implemented. % - Inconsistencies between normed Nynorsk speech and UEN (a spoken form of Bokmål) variations.